worn out

obsŏlesco, lēvi, lētum, 3, v. inch. n. [obs-olesco], to wear out, to grow old, decay, fall into disuse, lose value, become obsolete [p. 1244] (class.;

syn. exolesco): his (verbis) oportet, si possis, non uti: sic enim obsolescent,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 16 Müll.:

haec ne obsolescerent, renovabam, cum licebat, legendo,

Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 11:

obsolevit jam oratio,

id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:

vectigal, quod in bello non obsolescat,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21:

laus,

Tac. A. 4, 26:

enituit aliquis in bello, sed obsolevit in pace,

Plin. Pan. 4, 5.—Hence, obsŏlētus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., old, worn out, thrown off:

erat veste obsoletā,

Liv. 27, 34:

vestitus,

Nep. Ages. 8, 2:

amiculum,

Curt. 6, 9, 25:

vestitu obsoletiore, Cig. Agr. 2, 5, 13: homo obsoletus,

in a worn-out dress, id. Pis. 36, 89:

tectum,

old, ruinous, Hor. C. 2, 10, 6:

verba,

obsolete, Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

obsoleta et vulgaria,

id. Quint. 18, 56.—

Transf., common, ordinary, poor, mean, low:

crimina,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 177:

gaudia,

Liv. 30, 42.— Comp.:

obsoletior oratio,

a too ordinary, too negligent style, Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 33:

honores,

of little worth, Nep. Milt. 6, 2:

color,

Col. 4, 30:

o nec paternis obsoleta sordibus,

Hor. Epod. 17, 46:

dextra obsoleta sanguine,

defiled, Sen. Agam. 977.—Hence, adv.: obsŏlētē, in an old or worn-out style, poorly, meanly:

paulo tamen obsoletius vestitus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152.

obsŏlesco, lēvi, lētum, 3, v. inch. n. [obs-olesco], to wear out, to grow old, decay, fall into disuse, lose value, become obsolete [p. 1244] (class.;

syn. exolesco): his (verbis) oportet, si possis, non uti: sic enim obsolescent,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 16 Müll.:

haec ne obsolescerent, renovabam, cum licebat, legendo,

Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 11:

obsolevit jam oratio,

id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:

vectigal, quod in bello non obsolescat,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21:

laus,

Tac. A. 4, 26:

enituit aliquis in bello, sed obsolevit in pace,

Plin. Pan. 4, 5.—Hence, obsŏlētus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., old, worn out, thrown off:

erat veste obsoletā,

Liv. 27, 34:

vestitus,

Nep. Ages. 8, 2:

amiculum,

Curt. 6, 9, 25:

vestitu obsoletiore, Cig. Agr. 2, 5, 13: homo obsoletus,

in a worn-out dress, id. Pis. 36, 89:

tectum,

old, ruinous, Hor. C. 2, 10, 6:

verba,

obsolete, Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

obsoleta et vulgaria,

id. Quint. 18, 56.—

Transf., common, ordinary, poor, mean, low:

crimina,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 177:

gaudia,

Liv. 30, 42.— Comp.:

obsoletior oratio,

a too ordinary, too negligent style, Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 33:

honores,

of little worth, Nep. Milt. 6, 2:

color,

Col. 4, 30:

o nec paternis obsoleta sordibus,

Hor. Epod. 17, 46:

dextra obsoleta sanguine,

defiled, Sen. Agam. 977.—Hence, adv.: obsŏlētē, in an old or worn-out style, poorly, meanly:

paulo tamen obsoletius vestitus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152.

* * *

ex-culco, āvi, ātum, 1 [calco], to tread or beat out (very rare; not in Cic.).

Lit.:

ex dominis meis pugnis furfures,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 30.—

Transf., to tread down, to stamp firm or close:

singuli ab infimo solo pedes terra exculcabantur,

rammed down, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 7 Oud.— Hence, * exculcātus, a, um, P. a. (trodden out, worn out by treading; trop.), worn out:

verba nimis obsoleta exculcataque,

Gell. 11, 7, 1.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

ef-fētus (not effoetus), a, um, adj., that has brought forth young, that has laid eggs (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit. (mostly in Col.):

cum effetae loca genitalia tumebunt,

Col. 7, 7, 4; 7, 12, 11; 9, 1, 7.— Poet.:

simul effetas linquunt examina ceras,

Luc. 9, 285.—

Meton. (causa pro effectu).

Exhausted, worn out by bearing:

aliquae (gallinae) in tantum, ut effetae moriantur,

Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 146; cf. Sall. C. 53, 5.—

Transf., in gen., exhausted, worn out: tellus, * Lucr. 2, 1150; cf.:

effetum et defatigatum solum, Col. praef. § 1: natura (with lassa),

Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 1:

tauri senio effeti,

Col. 6, 24, 1: corpus, * Cic. de Sen. 9, 29; cf.

vires (corporis),

Verg. A. 5, 396:

spes,

i. e. vain, delusive, Val. Fl. 4, 380.— Poet.:

verique effeta senectus,

incapacitated for truth, Verg. A. 7, 440 (cf.:

Vana veri,

id. ib. 10, 630).— Comp.:

oratio effetior,

App. Flor. p. 366.— Sup. and adv. do not occur.

fessus, a, um, P. a. [cf. Sanscr. hā-, gahāmi, relinquo; Gr. chiros, chêra, chôris; Lat. ad-fatim, fatigo], wearied, tired, fatigued; worn out, weak, feeble, infirm (class.; esp. freq. in poets; syn.: fatigatus, defessus, lassus, languidus).

Prop., of living beings:

Romani quamquam itinere atque opere castrorum et proelio fessi lassique erant, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 53, 5:

de via fessus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 1:

fessum inedia fluctibusque recreare,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

Veientes bello fessi,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

militiā fessae cohortes,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 38:

plorando fessus sum,

Cic. Att. 15, 9, 1:

satiate videndi,

Lucr. 2, 1038:

curāque viāque,

Ov. M. 11, 274:

somno,

Tib. 1, 3, 88:

malis,

Ov. M. 9, 293:

aetate,

Verg. A. 2, 596; cf.

annis,

Ov. M. 9, 440:

valetudinibus,

Tac. H. 3, 2:

fessi vomere tauri,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 11:

elephanti fessi aegritudine,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 3:

exercito corpore fessus,

Sall. J. 71, 1; 70, 2:

cum tibi librum Sollicito damus aut fesso,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 221:

inde Rubos fessi pervenimus,

id. S. 1, 5, 94; so,

viator,

id. ib. 1, 5, 17:

pastor,

id. C. 3, 29, 22:

Graii (sc. bello),

id. ib. 2, 4, 11:

boves,

id. Epod. 2, 63.—

With gen. ( poet.):

fessi rerum,

exhausted with events, misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 178:

fessus bellique viaeque,

Stat. Th. 3, 395:

trepidi rerum fessique salutis,

despairing of safety, Sil. 2, 234.—With acc.:

agmina fessa gradum,

Sil. 4, 40.—

Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

alter fessum vulnere, fessum cursu trahens corpus,

Liv. 1, 25, 11; cf. Hor. C. 2, 7, 18; Lucr. 4, 848:

(Phoebus) qui salutari levat arte fessos Corporis artus,

i. e. sick, diseased, Hor. Carm. Sec. 63:

vox fessa loquendo,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 85:

fessa aetas,

i. e. the weakness of age, Tac. A. 14, 33:

fessa aetate Galbae,

id. H. 1, 12:

domus aetatis spatio ne fessa vetusto Obruat,

worn out, decayed, Lucr. 3, 774; cf. id. 5, 308:

cardines fessi et turbati,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 120:

(amnes) In mare deducunt fessas erroribus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 582:

naves,

Verg. A. 1, 168; 5, 29:

puppes,

Ov. M. 6, 519; Tib. 2, 5, 46:

carinae,

Ov. M. 11, 393; id. A. A. 3, 748:

vela,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 19: fessa dies, spent, i. e. drawing to a close, Stat. S. 2, 2, 48:

fessae res,

critical, precarious, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18;

also,

misfortunes, calamities, Verg. A. 3, 145:

rebus succurite fessis,

id. ib. 11, 335:

deligendum esse qui fessis rebus succurreret,

Tac. A. 15, 50.

con-tĕro, trīvi (rarely conterui, App. M. 8, p. 212, 12; Ven. Fort. C. 6, 4, 33), trītum, 3, v. a., to grind, bruise, pound, to crumble, separate into small pieces.

Prop. (so freq. in medic. lang.):

medium scillae cum aquā ad mellis crassitudinem,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 8:

cornua cervi,

Ov. Med. Fac. 60:

horrendis infamia pabula sucis,

id. M. 14, 44:

radicem aridam in pulverem,

Plin. 26, 11, 70, § 113:

fracta, contrita,

Lucr. 4, 697.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Transf., to diminish by rubbing, to waste, destroy (cf.: conficio, consumo, etc.), to rub off, wear out.

Of material objects:

latera tua,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 13:

boves et vires agricolarum (followed by conficere),

Lucr. 2, 1161; cf.:

conteritur ferrum, silices tenuantur ab usu,

Ov. A. A. 3, 91: superbiter contemptim conterit legiones, Naev. ap. Non. p. 516, 1;

humorously imitated: ne nos tam contemptim conteras,

treat contemptuously, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34; and:

conteris Tu tuā me oratione, mulier,

you wear me out, id. Cist. 2, 3, 65 (cf. B. 1. b. infra):

corpora ipsa ac manus silvis ac paludibus emuniendis inter verbera ac contumelias conterunt,

Tac. Agr. 31:

heri in tergo meo Tris facile corios contrivisti bubulos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 11:

Viam Sacram,

to tread upon frequently, Prop. 2 (3), 23, 15: Paideian Kurou legendo, i. e. to wear out with reading, Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1:

supellectilem pluribus et diversis officiis,

to wear out by use, Quint. 2, 4, 29.—In mal. part.:

aliquas indigno quaestu, i. e. prostituere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 44; cf.

tero.—Prov.: is vel Herculi conterere quaestum possiet,

squander the greatest possible fortune, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 68 Lorenz ad loc.—

Of immaterial objects.

Most freq. (like the simple verb) of time, to waste, consume, spend, pass, employ, in a good and bad sense (cf. Sall. C. 4, 1 Kritz); constr. with in and abl. or the abl. only, with dum, or absol.

With in:

aetatem in pistrino,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 11:

vitam atque aetatem meam in quaerendo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 15:

aetatem in litibus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

omne otiosum tempus in studiis,

id. Lael. 27, 104:

diem in eā arte,

Prop. 2, 1, 46.—

With abl.:

totum hunc diem cursando atque ambulando,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 17:

majorem aevi partem somno,

Lucr. 3, 1047:

tempora spectaculis, etc.,

Quint. 1, 12, 18:

diei brevitatem conviviis, longitudinem noctis stupris et flagitiis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26:

bonum otium socordiā atque desidiā,

Sall. C. 4, 1.—

With dum:

contrivi diem, Dum asto, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 4.—

Absol.:

vitae modum,

Prop. 1, 7, 9.—

Transf. to the person:

se, ut Plato, in musicis, geometriā, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72; cf.

in medial form: cum in causis et in negotiis et in foro conteramur,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 249; id. Caecin. 5, 14.—

In gen.:

operam,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 54; cf.:

operam frustra,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 31:

quae sunt horum temporum,

to exhaust, Cic. Att. 9, 4, 1.—

Trop.:

ejus omnis gravissimas injurias quasi voluntariā oblivione,

to obliterate from the memory, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 20: quam (dignitatem virtutis) reliquā ex collatione, facile est conterere atque contemnere, to tread under foot by comparison (opp. in caelum efferre), id. Tusc. 5, 30, 85.—Hence, contrītus, a, um, P. a., worn out, trite, common (mostly in Cic.):

proverbium vetustate,

Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 52:

praecepta (connected with communia),

id. de Or. 1, 31, 138:

contritum et contemptum praemium,

id. Sest. 40, 86.

ex-haurĭo, hausi, haustum, 4, v. a. ( fut. part. act. exhausurus, Sen. Ep. 51, 6), to draw out, to empty by drawing, to exhaust (class., esp. in the transf. and trop. senses).

Lit., of liquids:

cum alii malos scandant, alii per foros cursent, alii sentinam exhauriant,

pump out, Cic. de Sen. 6, 17; cf. id. Cat. 1, 5, 12:

vinum,

i. e. to drink up, id. Phil. 2, 25, 63:

exhausto jam flumine,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 63; cf.:

exhaustum poculum,

emptied, Cic. Clu. 11, 31:

exhaustus repente perennis exaruit fons,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 43, 5; cf.:

tacent exhausti solibus amnes,

Stat. Th. 3, 259.—

Transf., of things not liquid, to take out, empty out, to make empty, to exhaust:

terram manibus sagulisque,

Caes. B. G. 5, 42, 3:

humum ligonibus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 31:

pecuniam ex aerario,

Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 98; cf.

aerarium,

i. e. to empty, exhaust, id. Vat. 2, 5; id. Verr. 2, 3, 70, § 164:

praedam ex agris urbibusque sociorum,

id. Pis. 21, 48; cf.:

oppidum diripiendum militi dedit: exhaustis deinde tectis ignem injecit,

completely pillaged, Liv. 10, 44, 2 Drak.:

reliquum spiritum,

Cic. Sest. 37, 80; cf. id. ib. 21, 48 infra, and Halm ad loc.:

exhauriri,

drained of money impoverished, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2 fin.:

provinciam sumptibus et jacturis,

id. Att. 6, 1, 2:

plebem impensis (aedificandi),

Liv. 6, 5, 5:

socios commeatibus,

id. 37, 19, 4:

heredem legatis,

Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 9:

facultates patriae,

Nep. Hann. 6; cf.

vires,

Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 6:

genas,

i. e. to make bloodless, pale, Stat. Th. 10, 168:

velut exhausta pullulet arca nummus,

Juv. 6, 363.

Trop. (according as the notion of taking away or of leaving empty predominates).

To take away, remove:

libentius omnes meas laudes ad te transfuderim, quam aliquam partem exhauserim ex tuis,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 4:

alicui dolorem,

id. ib. 5, 16, 4:

sibi manu vitam,

id. Sest. 21, 48; cf. id. ib. 37, 80:

exhausta vis ingens aeris alieni est,

cleared off, Liv. 7, 21, 8:

Scurra exhausto rubore (i. e. pudore),

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14:

ad multorum exhaurienda peccata,

Vulg. Hebr. 9, 28.—

To exhaust, bring to an end:

tantus fuit amor, ut exhauriri nulla posset injuria,

be exhausted, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 4; cf.:

amicorum benignitas exhausta est in ea re,

id. ib. 4, 2, 7: unius ambulationis sermone exhaurire (quae sollicitant anguntque), to exhaust in speaking, i. e. to discuss thoroughly, id. ib. 1, 18, 1; cf. id. de Or. 3, 26, 102:

exhaustus est sermo hominum,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 1:

deinde exhauriri mea mandata,

to be accomplished, fulfilled, id. Att. 5, 13, 3; cf.:

mandavi omnia, quae quidem tu, ut polliceris, exhauries,

id. ib. 5, 6, 2:

labores,

to endure, undergo, Liv. 21, 21, 8:

laborem, periculum,

id. 21, 30, 9 Drak.; 25, 31, 7; 26, 31, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 1; Stat. Th. 6. 236 al.:

bella,

Verg. A. 4, 14:

vastae pericula terrae,

id. ib. 10, 57; cf.:

dura et aspera belli,

Liv. 33, 11, 6:

poenarum exhaustum satis est,

executed, inflicted, Verg. A. 9, 356:

exhausta nocte,

spent, Tac. H. 4, 29:

exhaustus cliens,

worn out, Juv. 9, 59.

dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:

deflunt,

Gell. 20, 8, 5:

defiat,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:

defiet,

Liv. 9, 11:

defieri,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)

Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.

Lit.:

ab amicitia P. R.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:

ab Aeduis,

id. ib. 2, 14, 3:

ab rege,

Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:

(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,

Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:

a republica,

id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:

ab imperio ac nomine nostro,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:

a patribus ad plebem,

to go over, Liv. 6, 20:

ad se,

Sall. J. 61; cf.:

ad Poenos,

Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:

civitates quae defecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—

Trop.:

si a virtute defeceris,

forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:

ut a me ipse deficerem,

id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,

As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;

very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,

vires,

id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

me Leontina civitas,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:

res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:

ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:

tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,

id. Rosc. Am. 32:

animus si te non deficit aequus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:

somnus sollicitas domus,

Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—

Pass.:

cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:

mulier a menstruis defecta,

Cels. 2, 8 fin.:

mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,

Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

aqua ciboque defecti,

Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

sanguine defecti artus,

Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:

si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,

i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:

te defecta nomina,

ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —

Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.

Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).

With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:

lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,

Verg. E. 2, 22.—

Absol.:

neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;

so opp. superesse,

Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:

ut defiat dies,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:

numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,

Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:

defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,

disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:

sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,

weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—

Neuter.

With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):

cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;

so perh.: vires nostris,

id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—

Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

non frumentum deficere poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:

fructus ex arboribus,

id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:

ejus generis copia,

id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:

tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,

id. ib. 4, 20, 2:

vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:

nisi memoria forte defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:

non deficiente crumena,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:

quod plena luna defecisset,

was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:

solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:

qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,

Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:

ignis,

Verg. G. 352:

lumen,

Petr. 111, 4:

progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,

becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;

but deficit ignis,

does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:

in hac voce defecit,

he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:

mundum deficere,

id. ib.:

deficit vita,

Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;

quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,

had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,

grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:

deficit Matho,

fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:

debitores,

Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:

munimenta defecerant,

yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:

ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,

nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,

animo,

id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;

for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:

ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:

deficit ars,

Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:

pugnando deficere,

i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:

suppeditare Materies,

Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):

quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,

Ov. F. 3, 674:

defectus annis et desertus viribus,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:

defectissimus annis et viribus,

Col. 1 prooem. §

12: senio (arbor),

id. 5, 6, 37:

laboribus,

Val. Fl. 2, 285:

vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,

Sen. Hippol. 374:

defectae senectutis homine,

Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:

in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),

smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:

sidera obscura attributa defectis,

the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28.

dē-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj.: defexit, an old formula in Liv. 1, 24 fin., see below, no. III. fin. In the pass., besides the regular form deficior, ante- and postclass., once in Verg., Propert., and Livy, like fīo, eri: defit, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 46; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Lucr. 2, 1142; Verg. E. 2, 22; Prop. 1, 1, 34:

deflunt,

Gell. 20, 8, 5:

defiat,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 63:

defiet,

Liv. 9, 11:

defieri,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2; cf. conficio init.), v. a. and n. [facio], orig., to loosen, set free, remove from; but it passed over at a very early period into the middle sense, to loosen from one's self, to remove one's self, to break loose from; and then gradually assumed the character of a new verb. act., with the meaning to leave, desert, [p. 530] depart from something, or absol., to depart, cease, fail. (For syn. cf.: desum, absum, descisco, negligo.)

Act. in the middle sense, to remove one's self, separate one's self, to withdraw (cf. the Greek aphistanai).—Hence, to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt.

Lit.:

ab amicitia P. R.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3; 7, 39, 3:

ab Aeduis,

id. ib. 2, 14, 3:

ab rege,

Sall. J. 56, 3; cf. ib. 66:

(consules) a senatu, a republica, a bonis omnibus defecerant,

Cic. Planc. 35; cf.:

a republica,

id. Cat. 11, 28; id. Fam. 12, 10; id. Sull. 12, 35:

ab imperio ac nomine nostro,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 31 et saep.:

a patribus ad plebem,

to go over, Liv. 6, 20:

ad se,

Sall. J. 61; cf.:

ad Poenos,

Liv. 22, 61.— Absol.:

civitates quae defecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17, 2; 5, 25, 4; 7, 10 al.—

Trop.:

si a virtute defeceris,

forsake, Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 24, 79:

ut a me ipse deficerem,

id. Fam. 2, 16.—Hence,

As a verb. act., to leave a person or thing, to desert, to fail, forsake, be wanting to (of things;

very rarely of personal subjects): quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin.; so,

vires,

id. B. C. 3, 99 fin.; Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199:

me Leontina civitas,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110; id. ib. 2, 5, 28 fin.; Hor. S. 2, 1, 13 et saep.:

res eos jam pridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 21 (imitated word for word, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9); cf.:

ne te de republica disserentem deficiat oratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 23; and:

tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret,

id. Rosc. Am. 32:

animus si te non deficit aequus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 30:

somnus sollicitas domus,

Tib. 3, 4, 20: genitor Phaethontis orbem, i. e. is eclipsed (cf. III. B. infra), Ov. M. 2, 382.— Poet. with a subject-clause: nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, i. e. I will not cease, etc. Prop. 1, 8, 23 Kuin.—

Pass.:

cum aquilifer jam viribus deficeretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 64, 3; cf.:

mulier a menstruis defecta,

Cels. 2, 8 fin.:

mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur,

Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

aqua ciboque defecti,

Quint. 3, 8, 23; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

sanguine defecti artus,

Ov. M. 5, 96 et saep.:

si qui dotem promisit defectus sit facultatibus,

i. e. unable to pay, Dig. 23, 3, 33; cf.:

te defecta nomina,

ib. 22, 1, 11 fin. —

Middle or neuter, to run out, be wanting, fail, cease, disappear.

Middle (mostly ante-class. and poet.).

With dat.: mihi fortuna magis nunc defit, quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 2:

lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,

Verg. E. 2, 22.—

Absol.:

neque opsonium defiat neque supersit,

Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 3;

so opp. superesse,

Ter. Ph. 1, 3, 10:

ut defiat dies,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 63: id. Mil. 4, 6, 46:

numquamne causa defiet, cur? etc.,

Liv. 9, 11.— Trop.:

defectis (sc. animo) defensoribus,

disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 40, 3:

sed non usque eo defectum Germanicum,

weakened, Tac. A. 2, 70; cf. in the foll. no. B. b.—

Neuter.

With dat. (so rarely; mostly poet.):

cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostris deficerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1;

so perh.: vires nostris,

id. B. C. 2, 41, 7 (al. nostros); Sil. 8, 661 Oud. N. cr.; cf. id. 10, 10, 193; and Stat. Ach. 1, 445.—

Absol. (freq. in all periods and kinds of composition):

non frumentum deficere poterat,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37 fin.; cf.:

fructus ex arboribus,

id. ib. 3, 58 fin.:

ejus generis copia,

id. B. G. 6, 16 fin.:

tempus anni ad bellum gerendum,

id. ib. 4, 20, 2:

vereor, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11:

nisi memoria forte defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 14, 44; id. Rep. 1, 3:

non deficiente crumena,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 11 et saep.; Juv. 11, 38:

quod plena luna defecisset,

was eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 15; cf.:

solem lunae oppositum solere deficere,

id. ib. 1, 16 al.; also simply to set:

qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,

Prop. 4, 4, 27: lunā deficiente, waning (opp. crescente), Gell. 20, 8, 5; of fire and light, to go out, expire, become extinct:

ignis,

Verg. G. 352:

lumen,

Petr. 111, 4:

progenies Caesarum in Nerone deficit,

becomes extinct, dies out, Suet. Galb. 1; cf. Plin. Pan. 39, 6; Just. 7, 2, 4; Sen. Suas. 2, 22;

but deficit ignis,

does not extend, Verg. A. 2, 505:

in hac voce defecit,

he departed, expired, Suet. Aug. 99; Quint. 6 prooem. § 11: deficit omne quod nascitur, comes to an end, Quint. 5, 10, 79; cf.:

mundum deficere,

id. ib.:

deficit vita,

Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 19;

quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant,

had been lost, Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

ultima jam passi comites bello Deficiunt,

grow faint, Ov. M. 14, 483:

deficit Matho,

fails, becomes bankrupt, Juv. 7, 129:

debitores,

Dig. 49, 14, 3, § 8:

munimenta defecerant,

yielded, surrendered, Curt. 4, 4, 19.— Trop.:

ne negotio desisteret neu animo deficeret,

nor be disheartened, Caes. B. C. 3, 112 fin.; so,

animo,

id. B. G. 7, 30; id. B. C. 1, 19; 2, 43; Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10;

for which, ne deficiant (apes) animum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 34; and in a like sense absol.:

ne una plaga accepta patres conscripti conciderent, ne deficerent,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9; so Caes. B. C. 2, 31 fin.; Sall. J. 51, 4:

deficit ars,

Ov. M. 11, 537: illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet: si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tu illo die, Juppiter, etc., to depart from, violate the conditions of a treaty, an old formula used in taking an oath, Liv. 1, 24 fin.:

pugnando deficere,

i. e. to be deficient, wanting, Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3; cf. poet. with foll. inf.:

suppeditare Materies,

Lucr. 1, 1039; Sil. 3, 112; Tib. 4, 1, 191.— Hence, dēfectus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. III.), weak, weakened, worn out, enfeebled (not ante-Aug.):

quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem,

Ov. F. 3, 674:

defectus annis et desertus viribus,

Phaedr. 1, 21, 3; cf.:

defectissimus annis et viribus,

Col. 1 prooem. §

12: senio (arbor),

id. 5, 6, 37:

laboribus,

Val. Fl. 2, 285:

vadit incerto pede, jam viribus defecta,

Sen. Hippol. 374:

defectae senectutis homine,

Dig. 7, 1, 12, § 3:

in tumidis et globosis (speculis) omnia defectiora (corresp. with paria and auctiora),

smaller, App. Mag. p. 283.— Plur. subst.: dēfecti, ōrum, m.:

sidera obscura attributa defectis,

the weak, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 28.

ē-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and (perh. not ante-Aug.) ē-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To obtain by service, to gain, earn, merit, deserve.

In gen. (rare;

not in Cic.): quid ego emerui mali?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 5:

honores,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 61:

mihi altior sollicitudo, quale judicium hominum, emererer, accessit,

Quint. 4, prooem. § 1; cf.:

emerendi favoris gratia canunt,

id. 4, 1, 2: pecuniam ex eo quaestu uberem, Gell, 6, 7, 5.— Poet., with inf. clause as object:

Ennius emeruit Contiguus poni, Scipio magne, tibi,

Ov. A. A. 3, 410; cf. id. F. 4, 58.— Pass., in the part. perf.:

emerito caput insere caelo,

Sil. 7, 19; so id. 11, 464; Sid. Carm. 2, 209.—

In Tib. and Ov. emerere aliquem, like demereri aliquem, to gain the favor of any one, to deserve well of, to lay under obligation:

viros,

Tib. 1, 9, 60; Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 52; id. Am. 2, 8, 24; id. Her. 6, 138.—Far more frequent,

To serve out, complete one's term of service.

Prop., in milit. lang.:

spes emerendi stipendia,

Liv. 25, 6; in part. perf.:

emerita stipendia,

Sall. J. 84, 2 Kritz.; Cic. de Sen. 14, 49; Liv. 3, 57; 21, 43 al.:

militia,

Suet. Calig. 44:

arma,

Plin. Pan. 15, 3:

anni,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 21; cf. id. F. 3, 43.—As a v. dep.:

stipendia emeritus,

Val. Max. 6, 1, 10.—Hence, subst. ēmĕrĭ-tus, i, m., a soldier who has served out his time, a veteran, an exempt, Tac. A. 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 24; Luc. 1, 344 al.—

Transf. beyond the milit. sphere:

annuum tempus (sc. magistratus) emeritum habere,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3; cf.:

annuae operae emerentur,

id. ib. 6, 2, 6:

spatium juventae (homo) transit, et emeritis medii quoque temporis annis, etc.,

Ov. M. 15, 226.—In part. perf.: emeritus, a, um (since the Aug. per. in the mid. signif.), that has become unfit for service, worn out:

equi,

Ov. F. 4, 688; cf.:

apes fessae et jam emeritae,

Plin. 11, 11, 11, § 27; so,

palmes,

id. 17, 23, 35, § 206:

aratrum,

Ov. F. 1, 665:

latus (with invalidum),

id. Am. 3, 11, 14:

acus,

Juv. 6, 498:

rogus,

i. e. burned out, extinguished, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 72.

ē-mĕrĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a., and (perh. not ante-Aug.) ē-mĕrĕor, ĭtus, 2, v. dep. a.

To obtain by service, to gain, earn, merit, deserve.

In gen. (rare;

not in Cic.): quid ego emerui mali?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 5:

honores,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 61:

mihi altior sollicitudo, quale judicium hominum, emererer, accessit,

Quint. 4, prooem. § 1; cf.:

emerendi favoris gratia canunt,

id. 4, 1, 2: pecuniam ex eo quaestu uberem, Gell, 6, 7, 5.— Poet., with inf. clause as object:

Ennius emeruit Contiguus poni, Scipio magne, tibi,

Ov. A. A. 3, 410; cf. id. F. 4, 58.— Pass., in the part. perf.:

emerito caput insere caelo,

Sil. 7, 19; so id. 11, 464; Sid. Carm. 2, 209.—

In Tib. and Ov. emerere aliquem, like demereri aliquem, to gain the favor of any one, to deserve well of, to lay under obligation:

viros,

Tib. 1, 9, 60; Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 52; id. Am. 2, 8, 24; id. Her. 6, 138.—Far more frequent,

To serve out, complete one's term of service.

Prop., in milit. lang.:

spes emerendi stipendia,

Liv. 25, 6; in part. perf.:

emerita stipendia,

Sall. J. 84, 2 Kritz.; Cic. de Sen. 14, 49; Liv. 3, 57; 21, 43 al.:

militia,

Suet. Calig. 44:

arma,

Plin. Pan. 15, 3:

anni,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 21; cf. id. F. 3, 43.—As a v. dep.:

stipendia emeritus,

Val. Max. 6, 1, 10.—Hence, subst. ēmĕrĭ-tus, i, m., a soldier who has served out his time, a veteran, an exempt, Tac. A. 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 24; Luc. 1, 344 al.—

Transf. beyond the milit. sphere:

annuum tempus (sc. magistratus) emeritum habere,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3; cf.:

annuae operae emerentur,

id. ib. 6, 2, 6:

spatium juventae (homo) transit, et emeritis medii quoque temporis annis, etc.,

Ov. M. 15, 226.—In part. perf.: emeritus, a, um (since the Aug. per. in the mid. signif.), that has become unfit for service, worn out:

equi,

Ov. F. 4, 688; cf.:

apes fessae et jam emeritae,

Plin. 11, 11, 11, § 27; so,

palmes,

id. 17, 23, 35, § 206:

aratrum,

Ov. F. 1, 665:

latus (with invalidum),

id. Am. 3, 11, 14:

acus,

Juv. 6, 498:

rogus,

i. e. burned out, extinguished, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 72.

intrītus, a, um, P. a., v. intero fin.

in-trītus, a, um, adj. [2. in], not rubbed or worn away, whole, entire, sound.

Lit.:

oliva,

Col. 12, 49, 2.—

Transf., not worn out, not exhausted:

cohortes intritae ab labore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 2.

sŏlĕa, ae, f. [solum].

A slipper consisting of a sole fastened on by a strap across the instep, a sandal:

omnia ferme id genus, quibus plantarum calces tantum infimae teguntur, cetera prope nuda et teretibus habenis vincta sunt, soleas dixerunt, nonnumquam voce Graecā crepidulas,

Gell. 13, 21, 5 (worn by men in the house only: considered as a mark of effeminacy if worn out of doors): NEIVE QVIS IN POPLICO LVCI PRAETEXTAM NEIVE SOLEAS HABETO, Lex in Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 569; cf. Hor. S. 1, 3, 128; and v. soleatus: ut vendat soleam dimidiatam, Lucil. ap. Gell. 3, 14, 10; cf. Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 63; id. Truc. 2, 5, 26; Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 40; Ov. A. A. 2, 212; Plin. 34, 6, 14, § 31; Pers. 5, 169; Juv. 6, 612; Mart. 14, 65, 1.—These sandals were taken off on reclining at table, and resumed after the meal:

deme soleas: cedo, bibam,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 16:

cedo soleas mihi: auferte mensam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 12:

deponere soleas,

Mart. 3, 50, 3:

poscere soleas,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 77; Sen. Contr. 4, 25 med.:

soleas festinare,

to put on in haste, Sall. H. 1, 105 Dietsch; cf. Becker, Gallus, 3, p. 130 sq.—

Transf., of things of a like shape.

A kind of fetter:

ligneae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 149; Auct. Her. 1, 13, 23.—

A kind of shoe for animals (not nailed on, like our horseshoes, which were unknown to the ancients, but drawn on and taken off again when not needed), Cat. 17, 26; Col. 6, 12, 2; Veg. 4, 9, 2 and 4; Suet. Ner. 30 fin.; Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140.—

A kind of oil-press, Col. 12, 50, 6.—

A kind of fish, a sole: Pleuronectes solea, Linn.; Ov. Hal. 124; Col. 8, 16, 7; Plin. 9, 15, 20, § 52; 32, 9, 32, § 102.—In a lusus verbb. with signif. I., Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 59.—

A sill: solea, ut ait Verrius, est non solum ea, quae solo pedis subicitur sed etiam pro materiā robusteā, super quam paries craticius exstruitur, Fest. pp. 300 and 301 Müll.—

The sole of the foot of animals, Veg. 1, 56, 31.